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Demystify USB Protocol: From History, Architecture to Endpoint Communication (Part 2)

USB adopts differential signals, NRZI and bit‑stuffing. Its packets, frames and transactions realize standard serial communication.

ruilixin6

Published August 21, 2026

Demystify USB Protocol: From History, Architecture to Endpoint Communication (Part 2)

Project description

【Preliminary Note】The original hardware example in this article was written based on the RP2040. The actual hardware used in this hands-on demonstration features the W55RP20 as the main controller chip. The circuit logic and UF2 flashing operation principles are universally applicable, with only the main controller model differing. The original chip model mentioned in the circuit descriptions below is provided for reference purposes only. 2.USB Data Transmission and Packets 1.1 USB Data Transmission USB is an asynchronous serial communication method (USB 2.0 protocol adopts half‑duplex…

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