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Published November 19, 2025 ©

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Streamer audio Ethernet multicast/multiroom 48 KHz/24 bits sans compression

Streamer audio Ethernet multicast/multiroom 48 KHz/24 bits sans compression

COMPONENTS
PROJECT DESCRIPTION

🚀 WIZnet W5500-based DIY HIFI Audio over Ethernet Streaming System: Low-Latency, High-Quality Multicast Solution

1. Project Overview: Key Features and Technology Summary

This project aims to implement a professional-grade, losslessly compressed audio streaming solution in a wired Ethernet environment using low-cost hardware.

Lossless Audio Streaming: Transmits 48 kHz / 24-bit stereo lossless audio via UDP multicast.

Ultra-Low Latency Performance: Achieves an end-to-end latency of only 57 ms due to the W5500's hardware UDP stack.

Diverse I/O Support: Supports both Analog (WM8783 ADC) and SPDIF/TOSLINK (WM8804 digital transceiver) inputs, with the receiver featuring a WM8521 DAC for analog output.

Real-time Remote Control: An Android App (Kotlin) sends JSON commands to enable real-time adjustment of Volume, Balance, and a 3-band Parametric EQ (TDA7418).

Open Source Commitment: The VHDL, Assembler, and Kotlin source codes are released under the GPL license, making customization and learning straightforward.


2. The Role of W5500: The Core Engine for Low-Latency Multicast ✨

The W5500 Wiznet module is the critical component that allows this system to achieve professional network audio performance using only a low-cost MCU and CPLD. The W5500's hardware stack provides decisive advantages in performance, efficiency, and simplicity.

2.1. Key Advantages of Choosing W5500

Requirement

Advantage Provided by W5500

Low Latency & Reliability

Hardware UDP Stack minimizes the load on the PIC MCU, achieving a total latency of 57 ms.

Multicast/IGMP Implementation

Features Multicast filtering per socket and IGMP auto-management. This easily enables a "Multi-Room" configuration that is compatible with network switches.

Bandwidth Overhead

The system requires only approx 2.304Mbps for uncompressed audio, leaving ample headroom on the 100 Mbps Full-Duplex link for scaling up to dozens of receivers.

Simplified Interface

High-speed 4-wire SPI interface, single 3.3 V power supply, and integrated PHY reduce board space and simplify the design.

2.2. Ultra-High-Speed SPI Communication via W5500

The W5500 enables high-speed data transfer by communicating with an SPI Master implemented within the CPLD, bypassing the limitations of the PIC MCU.

  • SPI Speed: The SPI communication between the CPLD and the W5500 operates at the system clock speed of 49.152 MHz, or 49.152 Mbps.
  • Data Throughput:
    • Transmitter: Transferring the 48-bit audio data (2 x 24-bit) to the W5500's FIFO takes only 970 ns.
    • Receiver: Retrieving the 48-bit audio data from the W5500's receive FIFO and preparing it for the DAC takes just 966 ns.

3. Hardware and Firmware Technology Stack Breakdown 🛠️

Block

Key Components/
Technology

Role

Audio Input

WM8783 ADC, WM8804 Digital TransceiverConverts multi-format inputs to 24-bit I²S output.

Clock/I/O

CPLD MAX II (VHDL)

Uses a single 49.152 MHz clock to minimize jitter. Aligns I²S frames and arbitrates high-speed SPI communication with the W55005555.

Network

WIZnet W5500 + PIC18F26K22 (Assembler)Handles hardware UDP/IGMP processing, and 100 Mbps low-jitter stream transmission. The PIC manages the packet buffer using an interrupt routine triggered every $20.83 \mu s$.

Output/Control

TDA7418 Audio ProcessorProvides digital mixing for 3-band Parametric EQ, Volume, and Balance (controlled via I²C).

App Layer

Android (Kotlin)Uses JSON/UDP to control multiple receiver groups.

4. Industrial Value and Broad Applications 🌐

This W5500-based solution delivers high industrial value by utilizing the chip's hardware AoIP capabilities to fill the "price-technology gap" between expensive commercial solutions and traditional analog PA systems.

4.1. The Significance of the Project (Value Proposition) ✨

Value Point

Impact of the W5500-based System

Studio-Grade Lossless, Low-Latency AoIP

End-to-end latency is only 57 ms for $48\text{ kHz}/24\text{-bit}$ uncompressed streaming, eliminating the need for expensive DSPs or quality-degrading compression.

W5500 Hardware UDP/IGMP Offload

The W5500 offloads IGMP group joining/leaving and UDP checksums. This allows the 8-bit MCU + CPLD combination to reliably service dozens of receivers, significantly reducing the high SoC and licensing costs associated with commercial Dante/AES67 equipment.

100% Utilization of Existing Ethernet Infrastructure

It relies solely on standard Ethernet equipment (Cat5e, Fiber-media converters, PoE switches), eliminating the cost of 'snake cables' and analog wiring in large-scale installations.

Remote and Group Control

The Android app uses JSON packets for real-time remote adjustment of Volume, Balance, and 3-band Parametric EQ, allowing zone-specific sound tuning without on-site visits.

GPL Open Source for Scalability

The open source nature enables OEMs/SIs to easily add custom features like AES67/RTP compatibility, encryption, or PoE-Plus power management.

4.2. Industry-Specific Application Scenarios 🏢

The low-latency multicast AoIP technology is immediately applicable across various industrial sectors.

Industry/Sector

Application Method

Achieved Benefits

Public/Enterprise PA / Emergency Broadcast

Implemented as a multi-zone announcement/alert system in schools, hospitals, and factories. Integrates with existing IP IoT devices like CCTV and access control.

Reduces emergency response time by integrating network audio with existing sensor systems, enabling automated voice alerts upon video analytics events.

Smart Manufacturing & Logistics Warehouses

Multicasts production line alerts, work instructions, and AGV path guidance audio.

Reduces CAPEX on wiring in smart factories where equipment is frequently rearranged and facilitates noise regulation compliance via zone-specific volume control.

Live Events & A/V Rental

Replaces analog multicore cables between the stage and console with a 'Virtual LAN' (1 GbE) to configure 8x8 stageboxes.Achieves studio-grade audio quality without noise or loss over long-distance ($>100\text{ m}$) cables, while reducing setup and teardown time.

Campus/Complex Facilities

Links classrooms, libraries, and gyms into a unified AoIP network for broadcasting, real-time interpretation, and audio sharing for online conferences.

Scales up to hundreds of terminals without traffic congestion, provided IGMP Snooping is enabled on the switches.

4.3. Market Impact and Value Summary 📈

The W5500-based solution drives innovation by reducing costs and expanding service capabilities.

CAPEX Reduction: Replaces dedicated audio wiring, multicore cables, and analog distribution amps with generic Ethernet switches.

Service Innovation: Enables high-value add-ons like software-defined audio zones, automation (Video analytics $\rightarrow$ voice alert), and real-time translation/AI voice synthesis.

"Affordable yet Studio-Grade, Simple yet Massively Scalable." The W5500's hardware UDP/IGMP capability allows the same circuit and firmware to address everything from public PA to live stageboxes. This fills the market gap between high-cost commercial solutions and traditional analog PA, proving its high potential for product commercialization in the global SI market.

 

이더넷 멀티캐스트/멀티룸 오디오 스트리머 (48 KHz/24 bits, 비압축)

1. 프로젝트 개요: WIZnet W5500 기반 DIY Hi-Fi 오디오 스트리밍 시스템

이 프로젝트는 저렴한 하드웨어를 사용하여 유선 이더넷 환경에서 전문가 수준의 무손실 오디오 스트리밍 솔루션을 구현하는 것을 목표로 합니다.

주요 기술: UDP 멀티캐스트를 사용한 48 kHz / 24-bit 스테레오 무손실 오디오 전송

핵심 성능: W5500의 하드웨어 UDP 스택을 통해 57 ms의 초저지연(Ultra-Low Latency) 성능 달성

입/출력 지원: 아날로그 입력(WM8783 ADC) 및 디지털 입력(SPDIF/TOSLINK - WM8804), 수신기에는 아날로그 출력(WM8521 DAC) 기능 탑재

원격 제어: 안드로이드 앱(Kotlin)을 통해 **볼륨, 밸런스, 3밴드 파라메트릭 EQ(TDA7418)**를 실시간으로 조정하는 기능 제공

오픈 소스: VHDL, 어셈블러, Kotlin 소스 코드가 GPL 라이선스로 공개됨

2. W5500의 역할: 저지연 멀티캐스트의 핵심 엔진

WIZnet W5500 모듈은 저렴한 MCU와 CPLD만으로 전문 네트워크 오디오 성능을 달성하게 해주는 핵심 부품입니다.

요구 사항

W5500이 제공하는 이점

저지연 및 신뢰성

하드웨어 UDP 스택을 통해 PIC MCU의 부하를 최소화하여 총 지연 시간 57 ms 달성

멀티캐스트/IGMP 구현

소켓별 멀티캐스트 필터링 및 IGMP 자동 관리 기능으로 네트워크 스위치와 호환되는 "멀티룸" 환경을 쉽게 구현

대역폭 효율성

비압축 오디오에 약 2.304 Mbps만 요구되어 100 Mbps 전이중(Full-Duplex) 링크에서 수십 대의 수신기까지 확장 가능

인터페이스 단순화

고속 4선 SPI 인터페이스, 단일 3.3V 전원, 통합 PHY로 보드 공간 축소 및 설계 간소화

3. 하드웨어 및 펌웨어 기술 스택 분석

블록

주요 컴포넌트/기술

역할

오디오 입력

WM8783 ADC, WM8804 디지털 트랜시버다중 포맷 입력을 24-bit I²S 출력으로 변환

클럭/I/O

CPLD MAX II (VHDL)

49.152 MHz 단일 클럭을 사용하여 지터(Jitter) 최소화 및 W5500과의 고속 SPI 통신 중재

네트워크

WIZnet W5500 + PIC18F26K22 (어셈블러)하드웨어 UDP/IGMP 처리 및 저지연 스트림 전송 담당. PIC는 인터럽트 루틴을 사용하여 패킷 버퍼 관리

출력/제어

TDA7418 오디오 프로세서I²C를 통해 3밴드 파라메트릭 EQ, 볼륨, 밸런스를 제어하는 디지털 믹싱 제공

앱 계층

안드로이드 (Kotlin)

JSON/UDP를 사용하여 다중 수신기 그룹 제어

 

4. 산업적 가치 및 광범위한 응용 분야

이 W5500 기반 솔루션은 고가의 상용 AoIP 솔루션과 기존 아날로그 PA 시스템 간의 "가격-기술 격차"를 해소하여 높은 산업적 가치를 제공합니다.

스튜디오급 무손실, 저지연 AoIP: 48kHz/24bit 비압축 스트리밍에 대해 57 ms의 지연 시간만을 제공하여 고가 DSP나 품질 저하 압축이 필요 없음.

W5500 하드웨어 오프로드: W5500이 IGMP/UDP 체크섬을 처리하여 저렴한 8-bit MCU와 CPLD 조합으로도 상용 Dante/AES67 장비 대비 비용을 크게 절감하며 안정적인 서비스 제공.

주요 응용 시나리오:

공공/기업 PA / 비상 방송: 기존 IP IoT 장치와 통합되어 학교, 병원, 공장 등에서 다중 구역 안내 및 경보 시스템으로 사용.

스마트 제조 및 물류 창고: 생산 라인 경보, 작업 지침 등을 멀티캐스트하여 배선 비용 절감 및 구역별 볼륨 제어를 통한 소음 규제 준수.

라이브 이벤트 A/V: 무대와 콘솔 간의 아날로그 멀티코어 케이블을 대체하여 장거리에서도 노이즈 없는 스튜디오급 오디오 품질 달성.

"저렴하면서도 스튜디오급 품질, 단순하면서도 대규모 확장 가능." W5500의 하드웨어 UDP/IGMP 기능은 이 솔루션을 공공 PA부터 라이브 무대 박스까지 광범위하게 적용할 수 있게 합니다.

 

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