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BASIX Board with W5500

BASIX is an open-hardware PIC18 controller integrating W5500 Ethernet, RS-485, isolated I/O, analog inputs, relays, EEPROM, and RTC for automation.

irina

Published August 28, 2026

Original author: https://github.com/n-lucas/basix-boardOriginal source (new tab)

BASIX Board with W5500

Components

Hardware components

x 1

WIZnet W5500 (aliexpress "W5500 Lite" λͺ¨λ“ˆ)


Project description

πŸ‘€ AUTHOR

n-lucas

BASIXλŠ” μžλ™ν™” 및 IoT ν”„λ‘œμ νŠΈλ₯Ό μœ„ν•΄ 개발된 μ˜€ν”ˆ ν•˜λ“œμ›¨μ–΄ μž„λ² λ””λ“œ I/O μ»¨νŠΈλ‘€λŸ¬μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.

λ‹¨μˆœνžˆ μ™„μ„±λœ λ³΄λ“œλ₯Ό κ³΅κ°œν•˜λŠ” 것이 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ νšŒλ‘œλ„, PCB Layout, Gerber및 기술 λ¬Έμ„œκΉŒμ§€ κ³΅κ°œν•˜μ—¬ μ‚¬μš©μžκ°€ 직접 λ³΄λ“œλ₯Ό μ œμž‘ν•˜κ³  μˆ˜μ •ν•  수 μžˆλ„λ‘ μ„€κ³„λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.

πŸ”— GitHub: BASIX Board GitHub Repository

 

🎯 PROJECT DESCRIPTION

BASIX BoardλŠ” ꡐ윑, μžλ™ν™” μ‹œμŠ€ν…œ ν”„λ‘œν† νƒ€μ΄ν•‘ 및 μ‚°μ—…μš© 톡신 μΈν„°νŽ˜μ΄μŠ€ ν•™μŠ΅μ„ λͺ©μ μœΌλ‘œ 개발된 μ˜€ν”ˆ ν•˜λ“œμ›¨μ–΄ μ»¨νŠΈλ‘€λŸ¬μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.

메인 MCU둜 Microchip PIC18F46K20을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λ©°, WIZnet W5500 Ethernet Controller, RS-485, RTC, EEPROMκ³Ό λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ μ‚°μ—…μš© I/Oλ₯Ό ν•˜λ‚˜μ˜ λ³΄λ“œμ— ν†΅ν•©ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.

특히 λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„μ˜ λΆ€ν’ˆμ„ THT(Through-Hole Technology) λ°©μ‹μœΌλ‘œ κ΅¬μ„±ν•˜μ—¬ λ¦¬ν”Œλ‘œμš° μž₯λΉ„ 없이 일반적인 λ‚©λ•œ μΈλ‘λ§ŒμœΌλ‘œ 직접 쑰립할 수 μžˆλ‹€λŠ” 점도 νŠΉμ§•μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.

λ”°λΌμ„œ BASIXλŠ” λ‹¨μˆœν•œ Ethernet κ°œλ°œλ³΄λ“œλ³΄λ‹€λŠ”,

직접 μ œμž‘ν•˜κ³  회둜λ₯Ό λΆ„μ„ν•˜λ©΄μ„œ Ethernetκ³Ό μ‚°μ—…μš© I/Oλ₯Ό ν•™μŠ΅ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” μ˜€ν”ˆ μžλ™ν™” 컨트둀러

λΌλŠ” 성격이 κ°•ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

Hardware Architecture

BASIX Board with W5500, Hardware Architecture

μ•„λž˜ BASIX Alpha Hardware Block Diagram을 보면 전체 μ‹œμŠ€ν…œμ΄ 크게 λ‹€μŒκ³Ό 같이 κ΅¬μ„±λ˜μ–΄ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.

Power Supply β†’ Inputs β†’ Processing β†’ Communication Interfaces β†’ Outputs β†’ Memory and Time

μ€‘μ•™μ˜ PIC18F46K20이 전체 μ‹œμŠ€ν…œμ„ μ œμ–΄ν•˜κ³ , W5500κ³Ό MAX485λ₯Ό 톡해 μ™ΈλΆ€ λ„€νŠΈμ›Œν¬ 및 Field Device와 μ—°κ²°λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

 

BASIX Board with W5500, Hardware Architecture

BASIX의 전체 ꡬ쑰λ₯Ό λ‹¨μˆœν™”ν•˜λ©΄ λ‹€μŒκ³Ό κ°™μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.

AI-generated image
AI-generated image

즉, Ethernet Network와 μ‹€μ œ μ„Όμ„œ 및 Actuator 사이에 PIC18F46K20 기반 Controllerκ°€ μœ„μΉ˜ν•˜λŠ” κ΅¬μ‘°μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.

🧩 COMPONENTS

CategorySpecification
MCUPIC18F46K20 @ 16 MHz crystal with HSPLL (64 MHz FOSC)
EthernetWIZnet W5500 (aliexpress "W5500 Lite" λͺ¨λ“ˆ)
Industrial CommunicationRS-485
Power12 VDC
RTCReal-Time Clock (DS1302)+ backup battery
External Memory128 KB SPI EEPROM(25LC1024)
Digital Inputs4 Γ— optically isolated inputs
Analog Inputs2 Γ— 0–10 V inputs
Relay Outputs2 channels
Digital/PWM Outputs2 channels
Configuration5-position DIP switch
Indicators3 Γ— general-purpose LEDs
ProgrammingICSP header

🌐 Why W5500?

BASIXμ—μ„œ 특히 μ£Όλͺ©ν•  뢀뢄은 PIC18F46K20κ³Ό W5500의 μ‘°ν•©μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.

PIC18F46K20은 16 MHz둜 λ™μž‘ν•˜λŠ” 비ꡐ적 λ¦¬μ†ŒμŠ€κ°€ μ œν•œμ μΈ 8-bit MCUμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 반면 W5500은 TCP, UDP, IPv4, ICMP, ARP λ“±μ˜ TCP/IP 처리λ₯Ό ν•˜λ“œμ›¨μ–΄μ—μ„œ μˆ˜ν–‰ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” Ethernet Controllerμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.

λ”°λΌμ„œ 이 κ΅¬μ„±μ—μ„œλŠ” MCUκ°€ λ³΅μž‘ν•œ TCP/IP μ†Œν”„νŠΈμ›¨μ–΄ μŠ€νƒμ„ 직접 μ²˜λ¦¬ν•˜κΈ°λ³΄λ‹€,

               		 Ethernet
              			     β”‚
              β”Œβ”€β”€β”€β”€β–Όβ”€β”€β”€β”
              β”‚  W5500  		   β”‚
              β””β”€β”€β”€β”€β”¬β”€β”€β”€β”€β”˜
                  			 β”‚ SPI
              β”Œβ”€β”€β”€β”€β–Όβ”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”
              β”‚		PIC18F46K20 	β”‚
              β””β”€β”€β”€β”€β”¬β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”˜
                		     β”‚
   β”Œβ”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”Όβ”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€ ─┐
   β”‚                   	 β”‚                              β”‚
   RS-485   		 Isolated I/O   	RTC/EEPROM

처럼 PICλŠ” I/O 및 μ• ν”Œλ¦¬μΌ€μ΄μ…˜ μ œμ–΄μ— μ§‘μ€‘ν•˜κ³  W5500이 Ethernet/TCP-IPλ₯Ό λ‹΄λ‹Ήν•˜λŠ” ꡬ쑰λ₯Ό λ§Œλ“€ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 폴링 μ „μš©, μ†Œν”„νŠΈ λ¦¬μ…‹λ§Œ κ°€λŠ₯ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

이 점은 μ΅œμ‹  ESP32λ‚˜ STM32 기반 W5500 ν”„λ‘œμ νŠΈμ™€ λΉ„κ΅ν–ˆμ„ λ•Œ BASIX의 κ°€μž₯ ν₯미둜운 λΆ€λΆ„ 쀑 ν•˜λ‚˜μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.

🧠 ENGINEERING INSIGHT

1. 8-bit MCU + Hardware TCP/IP

졜근 IoT ν”„λ‘œμ νŠΈλŠ” ESP32와 같은 κ³ μ„±λŠ₯ MCUλ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λŠ” κ²½μš°κ°€ λ§Žμ§€λ§Œ, BASIXλŠ” PIC18 계열 8-bit MCUλ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. W5500의 Hardwired TCP/IP ꡬ쑰λ₯Ό ν™œμš©ν•˜λ©΄ MCU μ„±λŠ₯이 μ œν•œμ μΈ ν™˜κ²½μ—μ„œλ„ Ethernet 연결을 κ΅¬ν˜„ν•˜κΈ° μ‰¬μ›Œμ§‘λ‹ˆλ‹€. 

즉 이 ν”„λ‘œμ νŠΈλŠ” W5500 ν•˜λ“œμ›¨μ–΄ TCP/IP μ˜€ν”„λ‘œλ”©μ˜ μž₯점을 λͺ…ν™•ν•˜κ²Œ λ³΄μ—¬μ£ΌλŠ” 사둀라고 λ³Ό 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.

2. Industrial I/O Design

BASIXλŠ” λ‹¨μˆœ GPIO κ°œλ°œλ³΄λ“œμ™€ 달리 μ‹€μ œ μ œμ–΄ μ‹œμŠ€ν…œμ„ κ³ λ €ν•΄

  • Optically isolated digital input
  • 0–10 V analog input
  • Relay output
  • PWM output
  • RS-485

λ₯Ό κΈ°λ³Έ μ œκ³΅ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 특히 0–10 V μž…λ ₯κ³Ό μ ˆμ—° Digital Input은 PLC 및 μ‚°μ—… μžλ™ν™” ν™˜κ²½μ„ μ˜μ‹ν•œ κ΅¬μ„±μ΄λΌλŠ” μ μ—μ„œ 일반적인 Maker Ethernet Board와 차이가 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.

3. THT-Based Open Hardware

또 ν•˜λ‚˜μ˜ νŠΉμ§•μ€ λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„μ˜ λΆ€ν’ˆμ΄ THTλΌλŠ” μ μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ΄λŠ” λ³΄λ“œλ₯Ό μ΅œλŒ€ν•œ μž‘κ²Œ λ§Œλ“œλŠ” 것보닀 직접 μ‘°λ¦½ν•˜κ³  회둜λ₯Ό μ΄ν•΄ν•˜λŠ” 것에 더 높은 μš°μ„ μˆœμœ„λ₯Ό λ‘” μ„€κ³„μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. PCB μ œμž‘μ— ν•„μš”ν•œ Gerber도 κ³΅κ°œλ˜μ–΄ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.

πŸ”— RS-485 Expansion Architecture

BASIXλŠ” RS-485λ₯Ό λ‹¨μˆœν•œ Serial Port둜만 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λŠ” 것이 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ ν™•μž₯ λͺ¨λ“ˆ μƒνƒœκ³„μ˜ 기반으둜 κ³ λ €ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.

ν”„λ‘œμ νŠΈμ—μ„œλŠ” ν–₯ν›„ λ˜λŠ” μ‚¬μš©μž μ œμž‘ ν™•μž₯ λͺ¨λ“ˆμ˜ 예둜 λ‹€μŒμ„ μ œμ‹œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

  • Remote Digital I/O
  • Analog I/O
  • Relay Expansion
  • Environmental Sensors
  • Energy Monitoring
  • LCD/HMI
  • Motor Controllers
  • Industrial Protocol Gateways

λͺ©ν‘œλŠ” μ—¬λŸ¬ λͺ¨λ“ˆμ΄ κ°„λ‹¨ν•œ RS-485 λ„€νŠΈμ›Œν¬λ₯Ό 톡해 BASIX와 톡신할 수 μžˆλŠ” μ˜€ν”ˆ ν™•μž₯ μƒνƒœκ³„λ₯Ό λ§Œλ“œλŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.

이 ꡬ쑰λ₯Ό μ‹œμŠ€ν…œ κ΄€μ μ—μ„œ 보면:

              						    Ethernet
         							            β”‚
       						           [W5500]
                     							β”‚
     						          [BASIX Main]
 							                    β”‚
    						               RS-485
 							                    β”‚
       β”Œβ”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”Όβ”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”
       β”‚          						   β”‚							           β”‚
   Remote I/O     			Sensors      				 Relay I/O
       β”‚
Motor /  Automation

처럼 Ethernet-to-Field I/O Gateway ν˜•νƒœλ‘œ ν™•μž₯ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.

πŸ“‚ Open Hardware Resources

GitHubμ—λŠ” λ‹¨μˆœν•œ μ†ŒμŠ€μ½”λ“œλΏλ§Œ μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ λ‹€μŒ μžλ£Œκ°€ κ³΅κ°œλ˜μ–΄ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.

DirectoryContents
hardware/kicad/KiCad schematic, PCB,
hardware/gerbers/PCB μ œμž‘μš© Gerber 및 Drill files (μ œμž‘ μ‹œ μ΅œμ‹  KiCad ν”„λ‘œμ νŠΈμ—μ„œ 거버λ₯Ό λ‹€μ‹œ 뽑아 검증할 것)
docs/Block diagram and schematic
images/Board photo and virtual/3D top view

πŸ”— RELATED EXISTING CONTENTS & EXPANSION VALUE

μ•„λž˜ ν”„λ‘œμ νŠΈλ“€μ€ W5500 기반 μœ μ„  Ethernet, Relay μ œμ–΄, Digital I/O, μ‚°μ—…μš© μžλ™ν™”λΌλŠ” μΈ‘λ©΄μ—μ„œ BASIX와 ꡬ쑰적·기λŠ₯적으둜 μœ μ‚¬ν•œ μ‚¬λ‘€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.

μˆœμœ„Maker ν”„λ‘œμ νŠΈMCU / EthernetI/O / μ£Όμš” κΈ°λŠ₯κ°€μž₯ 큰 차이
1PLC-STM32 Maker νŽ˜μ΄μ§€STM32F407 + W550012 DI, 16 Relay, RS-485, optional ESP32 Wi-FiBASIX보닀 훨씬 λ§Žμ€ I/O, RTC/EEPROM/0–10V AIλŠ” μ—†μŒ
2ESP32-S3 Ethernet Relay Board Maker νŽ˜μ΄μ§€ESP32-S3 + W55008 DI + 8 Relay, MQTT, SignalK, Victron자체 PCB 섀계보닀 κΈ°μ‘΄ Waveshare λ³΄λ“œμ˜ Firmware/Integration 쀑심
3ESP32-Based 8-Channel Relay Control System Maker νŽ˜μ΄μ§€ESP32-WROOM + W55008 Relay, 74HC595, Wi-Fi + EthernetRS-485, Analog/Isolated Input 등이 μ—†μŒ
4Ethernet Gate Controller PCB Maker νŽ˜μ΄μ§€ESP32-WROOM-32E + W55003 Dry-contact Relay, Optocoupler, 9–24V, OTAλ²”μš© μžλ™ν™”κ°€ μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ Gate ControllerλΌλŠ” νŠΉμ • λͺ©μ 

이 쀑 BASIX와 κ°€μž₯ μœ μ‚¬ν•œ ν”„λ‘œμ νŠΈλŠ” PLC-STM32μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. μœ μ„  Ethernet을 기반으둜 λ‹€μˆ˜μ˜ Digital Input, Relay Output, Serial Interfaceλ₯Ό μ œκ³΅ν•œλ‹€λŠ” μ μ—μ„œ ꡬ쑰가 κ°€μž₯ κ°€κΉμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.

ESP32-S3 Ethernet Relay BoardλŠ” 같은 ꡬ쑰λ₯Ό MQTT와 IoT ν™˜κ²½μœΌλ‘œ ν™•μž₯ν•œ 사둀이며, 8-Channel Relay Control System은 보닀 λ‹¨μˆœν•œ DIYν˜• Ethernet Relay Controller에 κ°€κΉμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.

Ethernet Gate ControllerλŠ” Ethernet + Relay ꡬ쑰λ₯Ό νŠΉμ • μ‚°μ—…μš© μ œμ–΄ λͺ©μ μ— 맞게 μ œν’ˆν™”ν•œ μ‚¬λ‘€λ‘œ λ³Ό 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.

ν™•μž₯ κ°€μΉ˜

BASIXλŠ” ν–₯ν›„ λ‹€μŒκ³Ό 같은 λ°©ν–₯으둜 ν™•μž₯ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.

  • I/O ν™•λŒ€λ₯Ό ν†΅ν•œ PLC / Remote I/O
  • MQTT 및 IoT 기반 원격 μ œμ–΄
  • RS-485 및 Isolated I/O ν™•μž₯
  • Analog / Sensor Interface μΆ”κ°€
  • νŠΉμ • λͺ©μ μ˜ μ‚°μ—…μš© Controller 개발

이λ₯Ό 톡해 BASIXλŠ” λ‹¨μˆœν•œ Ethernet I/O Boardλ₯Ό λ„˜μ–΄ μ‚°μ—… μžλ™ν™”, Remote I/O, Building Control, IoT Gateway용 ν”Œλž«νΌμœΌλ‘œ ν™•μž₯ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.

πŸ“˜Conclusion

BASIXλŠ” λ‹¨μˆœνžˆ PIC MCU에 Ethernet을 μΆ”κ°€ν•œ κ°œλ°œλ³΄λ“œκ°€ μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.

PIC18F46K20 + W5500 + RS-485 + Industrial I/O + EEPROM + RTCλ₯Ό ν•˜λ‚˜μ˜ ν”Œλž«νΌμ— ν†΅ν•©ν•œ μ˜€ν”ˆ ν•˜λ“œμ›¨μ–΄ Embedded Controllerμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.

특히 PIC18F46K20이 I/O와 Application Control을 λ‹΄λ‹Ήν•˜κ³ , W5500이 TCP/IP Ethernet을 λ‹΄λ‹Ήν•˜λŠ” κ΅¬μ‘°λŠ” 8-bit MCU와 Hardwired TCP/IP Controller의 쑰합이 μ‹€μ œ μžλ™ν™” μ‹œμŠ€ν…œμ—μ„œ μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ ν™œμš©λ  수 μžˆλŠ”μ§€ λ³΄μ—¬μ£ΌλŠ” 쒋은 μ‚¬λ‘€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.

λ˜ν•œ RS-485, 0–10 V Analog Input, Isolated Digital Input 및 Relay/PWM Output을 μ œκ³΅ν•˜κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ— μ†Œκ·œλͺ¨ μžλ™ν™”, Remote I/O, Ethernet Gateway 및 ꡐ윑용 Embedded Platform으둜 ν™œμš©ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.

FAQ

Q1. BASIX BoardλŠ” μ–΄λ–€ ν”„λ‘œμ νŠΈμΈκ°€μš”?

BASIXλŠ” PIC18F46K20 8-bit MCU와 W5500 Ethernet Controllerλ₯Ό 기반으둜 ν•œ μ˜€ν”ˆ ν•˜λ“œμ›¨μ–΄ Embedded I/O Controllerμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. Ethernetκ³Ό RS-485뿐만 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ 0–10 V Analog Input, Isolated Digital Input, Relay Output, Digital/PWM Output, EEPROM 및 RTCλ₯Ό ν•˜λ‚˜μ˜ λ³΄λ“œμ— ν†΅ν•©ν•˜μ—¬ μ†Œκ·œλͺ¨ μžλ™ν™”, Remote I/O 및 IoT μ‹œμŠ€ν…œμ— ν™œμš©ν•  수 μžˆλ„λ‘ μ„€κ³„λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.

Q2. BASIXμ—μ„œ W5500은 μ–΄λ–€ 역할을 ν•˜λ‚˜μš”?

W5500은 BASIX의 Ethernet 및 TCP/IP 톡신을 λ‹΄λ‹Ήν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. PIC18F46K20κ³Ό SPI둜 μ—°κ²°λ˜λ©°, TCP, UDP, IPv4, ICMP, ARP λ“±μ˜ TCP/IP ν”„λ‘œν† μ½œμ„ ν•˜λ“œμ›¨μ–΄μ—μ„œ μ²˜λ¦¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. 이λ₯Ό 톡해 PIC18F46K20은 λ³΅μž‘ν•œ λ„€νŠΈμ›Œν¬ ν”„λ‘œν† μ½œ μ²˜λ¦¬λ³΄λ‹€ I/O μ œμ–΄μ™€ Application Logic에 더 집쀑할 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.

Q3. μ™œ PIC18F46K20κ³Ό W5500을 ν•¨κ»˜ μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λ‚˜μš”?

PIC18F46K20은 λ¦¬μ†ŒμŠ€κ°€ μ œν•œμ μΈ 8-bit MCUμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. W5500은 Hardwired TCP/IP κΈ°λŠ₯을 μ œκ³΅ν•˜λ―€λ‘œ Host MCUμ—μ„œ 전체 TCP/IP Stack을 μ²˜λ¦¬ν•  ν•„μš”κ°€ μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. λ”°λΌμ„œ 비ꡐ적 μž‘μ€ MCUμ—μ„œλ„ Wired Ethernet κΈ°λŠ₯을 효율적으둜 κ΅¬ν˜„ν•  수 μžˆλ‹€λŠ” 것이 이 μ‘°ν•©μ˜ μž₯μ μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.

Q4. BASIXλŠ” Wi-Fiλ₯Ό μ§€μ›ν•˜λ‚˜μš”?

κΈ°λ³Έ BASIX ν•˜λ“œμ›¨μ–΄μ˜ λ„€νŠΈμ›Œν¬ μΈν„°νŽ˜μ΄μŠ€λŠ” W5500 기반 Wired Ethernetμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. Wi-Fi λŒ€μ‹  μœ μ„  Ethernet을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ— κ³ μ • μ„€μΉ˜ν˜• μžλ™ν™” μž₯μΉ˜λ‚˜ μ•ˆμ •μ μΈ μœ μ„  λ„€νŠΈμ›Œν¬κ°€ ν•„μš”ν•œ μ‹œμŠ€ν…œμ— μ ν•©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

Q5. BASIXλŠ” RS-485도 μ§€μ›ν•˜λ‚˜μš”?

λ„€. MAX485 Transceiverλ₯Ό μ΄μš©ν•œ RS-485 Interfaceλ₯Ό μ œκ³΅ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. PIC18F46K20의 UART와 μ—°κ²°λ˜λ©° DE/RE μ‹ ν˜Έλ₯Ό μ΄μš©ν•˜μ—¬ μ†‘μˆ˜μ‹  λ°©ν–₯을 μ œμ–΄ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. 이λ₯Ό 톡해 RS-485 기반 μ„Όμ„œλ‚˜ λ‹€λ₯Έ Field Device와 μ—°κ²°ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.

πŸ“„λΌμ΄μ„ΌμŠ€


이 ν”„λ‘œμ νŠΈλŠ” CERN Open Hardware Licence Version 2 – Weakly Reciprocal (CERN-OHL-W v2)둜 λ°°ν¬λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. νšŒλ‘œλ„Β·PCBΒ·Gerber λ“± ν•˜λ“œμ›¨μ–΄ 섀계 νŒŒμΌμ„ 자유둭게 μ‚¬μš©Β·μˆ˜μ •Β·μž¬λ°°ν¬ν•  수 μžˆμœΌλ‚˜, 원본 섀계λ₯Ό μˆ˜μ •ν•΄ 배포할 경우 κ·Έ μˆ˜μ • μ‚¬ν•­μ˜ μ†ŒμŠ€λ₯Ό 동일 λΌμ΄μ„ μŠ€λ‘œ κ³΅κ°œν•΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. 이 μ„€κ³„λ‘œ μ‘°λ¦½ν•œ μ™„μ œν’ˆμ„ νŒλ§€ν•˜λŠ” 것 μžμ²΄λŠ” μ œμ•½μ΄ μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ •ν™•ν•œ 쑰건은 μ €μž₯μ†Œμ˜ LICENSE.mdλ₯Ό μ°Έκ³ ν•˜μ„Έμš”.


πŸ‘€ AUTHOR

n-lucas

BASIX is an open-hardware embedded I/O controller developed for automation and IoT projects.

Rather than simply releasing a finished board, the project also provides schematics, PCB layouts, Gerber files,  and technical documentation so that users can build, modify, and study the board themselves.

πŸ”— GitHub: BASIX Board GitHub Repository

🎯 PROJECT DESCRIPTION

BASIX Board is an open-hardware controller designed for education, automation system prototyping, and learning industrial communication interfaces.

It is built around the Microchip PIC18F46K20 as the main MCU and integrates a WIZnet W5500 Ethernet Controller, RS-485, RTC, EEPROM, and various industrial I/O interfaces on a single board.

One notable feature is that most components use THT (Through-Hole Technology), allowing the board to be assembled with a standard soldering iron without requiring reflow equipment.

Therefore, BASIX is more than a simple Ethernet development board. It is better described as:

An open automation controller that allows users to build the hardware themselves while learning Ethernet and industrial I/O circuitry.


Hardware Architecture

BASIX Board with W5500, Hardware Architecture

The BASIX Alpha Hardware Block Diagram below shows that the system is largely divided into the following functional blocks:

Power Supply β†’ Inputs β†’ Processing β†’ Communication Interfaces β†’ Outputs β†’ Memory and Time

The PIC18F46K20 at the center controls the overall system and connects to external networks and field devices through the W5500 and MAX485.

BASIX Board with W5500, Hardware Architecture

The overall BASIX architecture can be simplified as follows.

AI-generated image
AI-generated image

In other words, a PIC18F46K20-based controller is positioned between the Ethernet network and physical sensors and actuators.

🧩 COMPONENTS

CategorySpecification
MCUPIC18F46K20 @ 16  MHz crystal with HSPLL (64 MHz FOSC)
EthernetWIZnet W5500 (aliexpress "W5500 Lite" module)
Industrial CommunicationRS-485
Power12 VDC
RTCReal-Time Clock(DS1302) + backup battery
External Memory128 KB SPI EEPROM(25LC1024)
Digital Inputs4 Γ— optically isolated inputs
Analog Inputs2 Γ— 0–10 V inputs
Relay Outputs2 channels
Digital/PWM Outputs2 channels
Configuration5-position DIP switch
Indicators3 Γ— general-purpose LEDs
ProgrammingICSP header

🌐 Why W5500?

One of the most interesting aspects of BASIX is the combination of the PIC18F46K20 and W5500.

The PIC18F46K20 is a relatively resource-constrained 8-bit MCU running at 16 MHz. In contrast, the W5500 is an Ethernet controller capable of processing TCP/IP protocols such as TCP, UDP, IPv4, ICMP, and ARP directly in hardware.

As a result, instead of requiring the MCU to run and manage a complex software TCP/IP stack, the system can be structured as follows:

 
               		 Ethernet
              			     β”‚
              β”Œβ”€β”€β”€β”€β–Όβ”€β”€β”€β”
              β”‚  W5500  		   β”‚
              β””β”€β”€β”€β”€β”¬β”€β”€β”€β”€β”˜
                  			 β”‚ SPI
              β”Œβ”€β”€β”€β”€β–Όβ”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”
              β”‚		PIC18F46K20 	β”‚
              β””β”€β”€β”€β”€β”¬β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”˜
                		     β”‚
   β”Œβ”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”Όβ”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€ ─┐
   β”‚                   	 β”‚                              β”‚
   RS-485   		 Isolated I/O   	RTC/EEPROM
This allows the PIC to focus on I/O processing and application control while the W5500 handles Ethernet and TCP/IP communication.

Compared with modern W5500 projects based on ESP32 or STM32 devices, this is one of the most interesting aspects of BASIX.

Polling-only operation, with only a software reset available.

🧠 ENGINEERING INSIGHT

1. 8-bit MCU + Hardware TCP/IP

Many modern IoT projects use high-performance MCUs such as the ESP32, but BASIX uses a PIC18-series 8-bit MCU. By leveraging the W5500's Hardwired TCP/IP architecture, Ethernet connectivity can still be implemented efficiently even when MCU resources are limited.

This project therefore provides a clear example of the benefits of W5500 hardware TCP/IP offloading.

2. Industrial I/O Design

Unlike a simple GPIO development board, BASIX includes interfaces that are useful in actual control systems:

  • Optically isolated digital input
  • 0–10 V analog input
  • Relay output
  • PWM output
  • RS-485

In particular, the 0–10 V inputs and isolated digital inputs distinguish BASIX from typical maker-oriented Ethernet boards and reflect a design intended for PLC and industrial automation environments.

3. THT-Based Open Hardware

Another notable feature is that most of the components use THT. Rather than prioritizing the smallest possible PCB size, the design places greater emphasis on easy assembly and understanding of the circuit architecture.

Gerber files required for PCB fabrication are also publicly available.

πŸ”— RS-485 Expansion Architecture

BASIX treats RS-485 not simply as a serial port, but as the basis for an expandable module ecosystem.

The project suggests future or user-designed expansion modules such as:

  • Remote Digital I/O
  • Analog I/O
  • Relay Expansion
  • Environmental Sensors
  • Energy Monitoring
  • LCD/HMI
  • Motor Controllers
  • Industrial Protocol Gateways

The goal is to create an open expansion ecosystem in which multiple modules communicate with BASIX through a simple RS-485 network.

From a system-level perspective, this architecture can be represented as:

 
                   						    Ethernet
         							            β”‚
       						           [W5500]
                     							β”‚
     						          [BASIX Main]
 							                    β”‚
    						               RS-485
 							                    β”‚
       β”Œβ”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”Όβ”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”
       β”‚          						   β”‚							           β”‚
   Remote I/O     			Sensors      				 Relay I/O
       β”‚
Motor /  Automation
This allows BASIX to be expanded into an Ethernet-to-Field I/O Gateway architecture.

πŸ“‚ Open Hardware Resources

The repository provides not only source code but also the following resources:

DirectoryContents
hardware/kicad/KiCad schematic, PCB
hardware/gerbers/Gerber and drill files for PCB manufacturing(recommend re-exporting gerbers from the latest KiCad project before fabrication)
docs/Block diagram and schematic
images/Board photo and virtual/3D top view

πŸ”— RELATED EXISTING CONTENTS & EXPANSION VALUE

The following projects share similarities with BASIX in terms of W5500-based Ethernet, relay control, digital I/O, and automation applications.

RankProjectMCU / EthernetKey FeaturesMain Difference
1PLC-STM32 Maker νŽ˜μ΄μ§€STM32F407 + W550012 DI, 16 Relay, RS-485, optional Wi-FiMore I/O channels, but no RTC, EEPROM, or 0–10 V analog input
2ESP32-S3 Ethernet Relay Board Maker νŽ˜μ΄μ§€ESP32-S3 + W55008 DI, 8 Relay, MQTT, SignalK, VictronFocused on firmware and system integration using an existing board
3ESP32-Based 8-Channel Relay Control System Maker νŽ˜μ΄μ§€ESP32-WROOM + W55008 Relay, 74HC595, Wi-Fi + EthernetSimpler design without RS-485, analog input, or isolated input
4Ethernet Gate Controller PCB Maker νŽ˜μ΄μ§€ESP32-WROOM-32E + W55003 Relay, optocoupler, 9–24 V, OTAOptimized for a specific gate-control application

Among them, PLC-STM32 is the closest project to BASIX, with a similar combination of wired Ethernet, digital inputs, relay outputs, and serial communication.

The ESP32-S3 Ethernet Relay Board shows how this architecture can evolve toward MQTT and IoT applications, while the 8-Channel Relay Control System represents a simpler DIY-oriented implementation.

The Ethernet Gate Controller demonstrates how the same Ethernet + Relay concept can also be adapted to a dedicated industrial application.

Expansion Value

BASIX can be further expanded toward:

  • Higher-density PLC / Remote I/O
  • MQTT and IoT monitoring and control
  • Additional RS-485 and isolated I/O
  • Analog and sensor interfaces
  • Application-specific industrial controllers

This makes BASIX a flexible platform for industrial automation, remote I/O, building control, and IoT gateway applications.

πŸ“˜ Conclusion

BASIX is more than a PIC MCU development board with Ethernet added.

It integrates PIC18F46K20 + W5500 + RS-485 + Industrial I/O + EEPROM + RTC into a single open-hardware embedded controller. In particular, the architecture in which the PIC18F46K20 handles I/O and application control while the W5500 handles TCP/IP Ethernet clearly demonstrates how an 8-bit MCU can be effectively combined with a Hardwired TCP/IP Controller in a practical automation system.

With RS-485, 0–10 V analog inputs, isolated digital inputs, and relay/PWM outputs, BASIX can also be used for small automation systems, remote I/O, Ethernet gateways, and embedded-system education.

FAQ

Q1. What kind of project is the BASIX Board?

BASIX is an open-hardware embedded I/O controller based on the PIC18F46K20 8-bit MCU and W5500 Ethernet Controller. It integrates Ethernet and RS-485 together with 0–10 V analog inputs, isolated digital inputs, relay outputs, digital/PWM outputs, EEPROM, and an RTC, making it suitable for small automation, remote I/O, and IoT systems.

Q2. What is the role of the W5500 in BASIX?

The W5500 handles Ethernet and TCP/IP communication for BASIX. It communicates with the PIC18F46K20 through SPI and processes TCP/IP protocols such as TCP, UDP, IPv4, ICMP, and ARP in hardware. This allows the PIC18F46K20 to focus more on I/O control and application logic rather than complex network protocol processing.

Q3. Why are the PIC18F46K20 and W5500 used together?

The PIC18F46K20 is a resource-constrained 8-bit MCU. Because the W5500 provides Hardwired TCP/IP functionality, the host MCU does not need to process the entire TCP/IP stack itself. The main advantage of this combination is that wired Ethernet can be implemented efficiently even with a relatively small MCU.

Q4. Does BASIX support Wi-Fi?

The standard BASIX hardware uses W5500-based wired Ethernet as its network interface.Because it uses wired Ethernet instead of Wi-Fi, it is well suited for fixed automation devices and systems that require stable wired network connectivity.

Q5. Does BASIX support RS-485?

Yes. BASIX provides an RS-485 interface using a MAX485 transceiver. It connects to the PIC18F46K20 through UART, with DE/RE signals controlling the transmit and receive directions. This makes it possible to connect RS-485 sensors and other field devices.

πŸ“„ License


This project is released under the CERN Open Hardware Licence Version 2 – Weakly Reciprocal (CERN-OHL-W v2). You may freely use, modify, and redistribute the hardware design files (schematics, PCB, Gerbers), but if you modify and distribute the original design, you must release the source of those modifications under the same license. Selling assembled boards built from this design is not restricted. See the repository's LICENSE.md for the exact terms.

 

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