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• Global Access: Medical professionals can access patient vital signs from anywhere in the world, allowing for timely interventions and consultations irrespective of their physical location.
• Timely Decision-Making: By providing real-time data visualization, doctors can make informed decisions promptly, minimizing the risk of delays and optimizing patient outcomes.
• Collaborative Care: Experts from various fields can collaborate seamlessly, contributing their insights and recommendations for complex cases without the need for physical presence.
• Resource Optimization: Remote monitoring reduces the need for constant on-site attendance, allowing medical professionals to allocate their time and expertise more efficiently.

Demo Video

Hardware Components

How Does VitaLink Work

We have developed an advanced system that serves as an internet-connected patient monitor. The core components include an STM32F429ZI microcontroller and a W5300 module, which together form the central hub of the device. Attached to the STM32F429ZI are various sensors like an SpO2 sensor, temperature sensor, and ECG sensor, all aimed at tracking crucial patient metrics. Additionally, there's a finger probe equipped with a Xiao NRF Sense running a TinyML model. This probe monitors patient movements and can promptly identify anomalous behaviors, such as seizures. It also functions as a means for patients to call for nursing assistance.

The entire setup operates on a real-time operating system (RTOS), facilitating seamless coordination between different sensors and the finger probe. The highly efficient W5300 acts as the conduit between this system and a dashboard, enabling immediate visualization and continuous monitoring of vital signs. This becomes exceptionally valuable in critical situations and during periods when medical professionals aren't physically present.

Notably, the system includes an alert mechanism triggered by rapid fluctuations in vital sign readings that could indicate potential medical complications. When these readings surpass predetermined thresholds, the system promptly notifies doctors and nurses. Furthermore, it's designed to detect seizures or irregular movements. In such instances, or when a patient signals for nurse assistance, an alert is sent directly to the nurse.

The impact of this system on critical healthcare is immense. It ensures continuous and real-time monitoring of patients' vital signs, offering an extra layer of care, especially when medical staff might not be immediately available. Its ability to detect anomalies, signal for help, and provide timely alerts can significantly enhance patient safety and outcomes, particularly in high-risk scenarios.

The Brain

• Hardware TCP/IP Stack Processing: The hardware-based TCP/IP stack processing drastically reduces the microcontroller's workload, optimizing its performance. This results in reduced latency, efficient data management, and improved real-time responsiveness.
• Efficient Data Transmission: By managing the TCP/IP stack, the W5300 TOE Shield ensures smooth and reliable data transmission. It handles tasks such as data segmentation, reassembly, and error handling, guaranteeing data integrity and minimizing overhead.

• Microcontroller Power: The STM32 Nucleo-144 F429ZI is powered by an ARM Cortex-M4 core with FPU, providing ample processing power for real-time data processing and analysis
• Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC): The built-in ADC allows for precise analog data conversion, enabling accurate capture of sensor readings from the SPO2 and ECG sensors.
• Digital Signal Processing (DSP): The Cortex-M4's DSP capabilities can be harnessed to perform real-time signal processing on ECG waveforms, enhancing the accuracy of heart rhythm analysis.
• GPIO Pins: The numerous GPIO pins provide flexibility for interfacing with various sensors, LEDs, and other components.
• Communication Interfaces: Utilize communication interfaces such as UART, SPI, and I2C to interface with the W5300 TOE Shield and sensors. SPI could be used to interface with the TOE Shield for efficient data exchange
• FreeRTOS Support: The STM32 Nucleo platform supports the FreeRTOS real-time operating system, which can enhance multitasking and real-time data processing capabilities.
• Flash Memory: The microcontroller's Flash memory can store firmware, configuration data, and calibration parameters for sensors, ensuring reliable operation across power cycles.
• Floating-Point Unit (FPU): Utilize the FPU for efficient floating-point arithmetic, enabling accurate calculations in real-time sensor data analysis.
• Development Environment: The STM32 Nucleo board is supported by both STM32Cube software and Arduino IDE
• Debugging Tools: Leverage built-in debugging tools like ST-Link for real-time debugging and performance analysis, enabling efficient troubleshooting during development.

MAX30102 PPG Heart Rate and Oximeter Sensor

• Power Supply: 3.3V
• Working Current: <50mA
• Communication: I2C/UART
• I2C Address: 0x57
• Baud rate: 9600bps
• Operating Temperature Range: -40℃~85℃
• Dimension: 18×22mm/0.71×0.8

• ECG Signal Conditioning: The AD8232 is designed for electrocardiogram (ECG) signal conditioning. It amplifies and filters the weak electrical signals produced by the heart's activity, making them suitable for further process.
• Low Noise Amplification: The AD8232 provides high-quality signal amplification with low noise. This is crucial for accurately capturing the subtle electrical signals generated by the heart, ensuring that the resulting data is reliable and accurate.
• Common Mode Rejection: The chip is equipped with a high common mode rejection ratio (CMRR), which helps eliminate common noise sources, such as interference from surrounding electronics or muscle artifacts. This enhances the purity of the ECG signal.
• Integrated Electrode Driver: The AD8232 includes an integrated electrode driver that helps maintain a stable and consistent interface between the skin and the sensor's electrodes. This ensures reliable and consistent signal capture over extended periods.
• Lead-Off Detection: The chip features lead-off detection capabilities, which can alert users when electrode connections are compromised or if the sensor becomes disconnected from the body. This is important for ensuring data integrity and user safety.
• Compact Integration: The AD8232 is designed to be compact and suitable for wearable devices, making it an ideal choice for heart rate monitor sensors that need to be comfortable for the user and integrate easily into various applications.
• Compatible with Microcontrollers: The chip's analog output can be easily interfaced with microcontrollers for further processing, data analysis, and transmission to external devices or displays.
• Medical Certification: The AD8232 is often used in medical-grade devices and has received regulatory approvals, making it a reliable choice for applications that require adherence to medical standards.

XIAO nRF52840 Sense For Movement Detection

• Idle state
• Hand Raise (For calling Nurse)
• Anomalous motion

#include "LSM6DS3.h"
#include "Wire.h"

LSM6DS3 myIMU(I2C_MODE, 0x6A);  //I2C device address 0x6A

#define CONVERT_G_TO_MS2 9.80665f
#define FREQUENCY_HZ 50
#define INTERVAL_MS (1000 / (FREQUENCY_HZ + 1))
static unsigned long last_interval_ms = 0;

void setup() {
	Serial.begin(115200);
	while (!Serial);
	if (myIMU.begin() != 0) {
	Serial.println("Device error");
	} else {
	Serial.println("Device OK!");
	}
}
void loop() {
	if (millis() > last_interval_ms + INTERVAL_MS) {
	last_interval_ms = millis();
	Serial.print(myIMU.readFloatAccelX() * CONVERT_G_TO_MS2, 4);
	Serial.print('\t');
	Serial.print(myIMU.readFloatAccelY() * CONVERT_G_TO_MS2, 4);
	Serial.print('\t');
	Serial.println(myIMU.readFloatAccelZ() * CONVERT_G_TO_MS2, 4);
	}
}

edge-impulse-data-forwarder

Real-Time Operating System(RTOS)

Building Dashboard With Kaa IoT

• Go to the Device Management tab in your Kaa Cloud account assuming that you have signed up for one.
• Select the Add device option to start the registration process for a device's digital twin, referred to as an "endpoint" within the Kaa platform.

• In the form provide a display name and application description for your application, along with an endpoint token. You have the option to leave the endpoint field blank, in which case Kaa IoT will generate a random token for the device.

• If the token is generated by Kaa IoT, remember to securely store it, as it's essential for establishing a connection with the platform.

• Now navigate to Device Management - Applications - Your Application - Versions - Your Application ID - v1

• Select epts and set "Autoextract" enabled and save the configuration to proceed.

• Load a sample code onto your device that transmits telemetry data to the "epts" endpoint. Next, navigate to Device Management - Devices - Your Endpoint. If you observe a display resembling this, your configuration is successful, confirming your device's successful connection to the cloud.

• To create a dashboard move on to Solutions - Your Project - Dashboards. Customize the default 'Home' dashboard by incorporating relevant information. Add relevant widgets and configure them accordingly. This is my dashboard containing all the widgets needed for this project.

IFTTT For Alerts

• Login and Access Webhooks and Services: Log in to your IFTTT account and navigate to your profile. Then, click on "Create" to start setting up a new Applet.

• Choose a Trigger Service: Click on "+ If This" to choose a trigger service. Search and select "Webhooks" as the trigger service.

• Select a Trigger Event: Choose a specific trigger event for the Webhooks service. For example, you might select "Receive a web request."

• Configure the Trigger: Provide a unique event name (also known as a trigger name). This will be used to identify the trigger when calling the webhooks.Once configured, click on "Create trigger"

• Choose an Action Service: After setting up the trigger, click on "+ Then That" to choose the action service that you want to connect with your webhook trigger.

• Select an Action Event: Choose the specific action event you want to trigger based on the webhook. In this case select "Email".

• Configure the Action: Set up the action's parameters as required by the selected service. This could involve specifying settings, data, or other relevant details.

• Complete the Applet Setup: Once you've configured the action, finalize the Applet setup by clicking on "Finish".

Conclusion

The internet-connected patient monitor transcends mere technological innovation; it exemplifies the confluence of advancement and compassionate healthcare delivery. This pioneering solution dismantles geographical barriers, reshaping critical care dynamics. As technology propels forward, its influence on healthcare remains profound, culminating in an era where distance is no longer a barrier to life-saving interventions. The internet-connected patient monitor beckons us into a new chapter of medical intervention—one that is inherently patient-centered, globally connected, and powered by the seamless marriage of innovation and empathy.