Data Fusion for IoMT in Shiping
Combining information from different devices and upgrading it with analysis of the data obtained, both at a particular time and development.
INTRODUCTION
A study showed that 19.8% of deaths on British ships were related to cardiovascular disease CVD, and that 37.9% of cases that needed medical attention at Occupational and Maritime Medicine in Hamburg were related to CVD. In general, these diseases are treatable, and the human body can be fully recovered in the presence of a sufficiently early diagnosis and proper treatment. Due to the specifics of the work of the ship's crews, the study of the composition of the sea is carried out mainly when boarding the ship or in case of severe symptoms of the ship itself, as well as in private cases, highly dependent on the person.
The creation of an integrated system for monitoring, analyzing, and storing the parameters of the human body and those of the environment can reduce risk situations. Such systems belong to the concept of IoMT. The concept of IoMT is a relatively new field that applies IoT devices in the field of medicine, and has become necessary due to the fact that electronic devices that monitor biomedical and biometric parameters of a person are undergoing great development, both in their functionality and in its accessibility. Combining information from different devices and upgrading it with analysis of the data obtained, both at a particular time and in the development of processes is one of the foundations of personal medicine.
This article will attempt to propose an architectural model and an algorithm of operation to claim the specific requirements of a ship or sailing platform. This model refers to a server-centric model for collecting and processing information from multiple sensors.
ALGORITHM AND ARCHITECTURE OF THE SYSTEM
The integration of system for acquisition, analysis and storage of information from sensors measuring biomedical and biometric parameters and the main parameters of the environment connecting to any specific requirements of the ship such as ergonomics, integration, scalability, security, data presenting, sustainability, reliability, as well as requirements to the radio communication channels related to the metal structure of the ship.
Data sources
The choice of data sources is based on environmental characteristics that would affect the human body and those on human body parameters that can be measured by non-invasive approaches. The parameters by which we can authority for the proper functioning of body systems are ECG, Pulse Oxygen in Blood, Airflow Breathing, Blood Pressure, Body Temperature, GSR Galvanic Skin Response, Heart rate, body dynamic (active or rest). The data will be obtained from two different devices: a stationary station and a portable sensor device (sensor bracelet). Sources that will receive information about the environment in the ship's room such as: temperature, humidity, noise level, air quality, the ship is moving, ship position, ship velocity, and will be used on the WiFi gateway for the sensor bracelet. From existing information systems will be complemented with ship position and velocity.
Wearable sensor device
Portable sensor device measuring the dynamics of movement (activity and rest), heart rate, temperature. The purpose of the device is continuous monitoring of some of the most important parameters of the human body, as well as meeting the requirements for ergonomics. Refers to the fact of battery power, the process of data transmission needs to be performed on a low-consumption communication channel at close distances with the possibility of handoff between the various wireless hubs, imposed by the metal structure of the ship, which acts as a Faraday.
There are many options for implementing such devices using mobile phones on the carrier to transmit data to a processing server. Refer to specific structure of the ship and the differences in the working environment between the shore and the ship's inability to cover standards for mobile communication wearing of mobile phones by the crew is limited this and requires the transmission of the extracted data from the sensor bracelet to transmit to wireless hubs located in the crew's accommodation.
Another requirement for the design capabilities of the sensor bracelet is the presence of limited buffer memory that will ensure the preservation of data in case of loss of communication between the sensor bracelet and the gateway. The composition of the message that will use the sensor bracelet is necessary to comply with the rules for addressing the device, addressing the sensor received the information, data integrity and time label. The wireless hub with which the sensor bracelet communicates in each room will add Media location information.
Stationary IoMT station
On the stationary station relies make more numerous and more full capture parameters of the human body that require to be at rest such as ECG. Because the measuring station is stationary and is powered by the electrical system, there are no specific requirements for low consumption, battery power; the data can also be wired via the Ethernet standard. The connectivity of these devices does not exclude wireless such that would allow integration and in the existing systems and mobility in terms of premises that can be deployed.
Device measuring working environment
Device measuring the working environment in different rooms (temperature, humidity, noise level, air quality, movement of a ship). Also acts as a wireless hub for information coming from the sensory bracelets.
GPS
Information on geographical location brings speed data time zone and how often have so-called time shifting, visits to ports or other situations that require extraordinary watch keeping.
Personal Diary
This is the only non-automatic source of information. The opportunity crewmembers to fill out an electronic survey, which aims to analyze the current emotional state and the log of consumed food and liquids. To this personal diary, in the presence of an automated system for prepared food, it is possible to integrate information from third systems via pre-developed interfaces.
Architecture of the system
Figure 1 represents a block diagram of the means for collecting data from the above listed sources, the extraction and transmission of data on as many different processes be performed certainly asynchronously and independently of one another. Due to the nature of the information obtained in terms of its dynamics, information about different processes is measured at different time intervals. In accordance with the condition that there is no loss of information and no duplicate data. Example, the dynamics of the temperature in the rooms is not high, which allows less frequent measurements.
An architecture model can apply data hierarchy, with these carriers of human parameter information being given higher priority than any other. The architecture refers to the server-centric model for collecting and processing information from many different sensors, as the operation of the system is provided by the Server on board and in cases where medical assistance is needed, the necessary information is sent via satellite communication channel to Onshore server, but in a normal environment this is limited due to the high cost of satellite information. When visiting the ship at the port, all the information accumulated in the databases will be transferred to an additional channel that will provide sufficient speed and low cost such as Wifi.
Composition of the message
Such a system with multiple data sources, different types of devices and sensors is a necessary standard for sent messages to meet the requirements for integration, scalability and addressability. In figure 2 is a graphical representation of the composition of the message, respectively.
- Type of message - is an alphanumeric code that determines the type of information transmitted and the size of the message, as well as helping in the process of exchange, storage of the message.
- Message number - is a 16-bit number giving information about the sequence of transmitted messages, generated by a counter operating in the algorithm of the program.
- Device address - is a 16-bit number giving information about the device.
- Type of sensor - describes the type of sensor, such as sensor for temperature, pressure, humidity, etc.
- Model of the sensor - describes the alphanumeric code of the used sensor.
- Value - value measured by the previously specified sensor.
Algorithm of Operational
The proposed algorithm of operation has the limitation that it considers the operation of the system only in terms of information, as the different stages through which the information passes is performed by different devices, independently of time. Figure 3 depicts both the main 4 stages through which the data passes, and additional ones, which essentially perform a certain job. The process of obtaining information we find the main sources of data without considering the individual sensors they work with, the set time ranges depend on the dynamics of the measured processes, the need for continuous monitoring of any of the processes and the time delay caused by various factors.
In signal processing, filtering, amplification, elimination of interference is performed, strictly individually due to the different nature of the signals from different sources. Combining information from different sources and transmitting data to the database in a form suitable for work and analysis. In the process of Feature extraction, it is again necessary to distinguish between different types of sources and their data, from functional extraction of different elements as an example.
It is appropriate to give the ECG signal, where the detection and measurement of the duration of the three basic waves P, QRS and T, carry information about the individual phases of excitation (depolarization) of the heart muscle (Myocardium), which controls the pumping activity of the heart. Figure 4 shows an ECG signal corresponding to II standard lead. The cardiac cycle begins with the P-wave, which is a low-amplitude deviation that results from the excitation of the atria of the heart, characterized by the beginning and end of Pon and Poff. It is followed by the QRS complex, which is the most recognizable function in the ECG signal and corresponds to the period of ventricular depolarization. The beginning and end of the QRS complex are denoted by the points Q and J. The T-wave refers to the ventricular repolarization and with its end the Toff point ends the cardiac cycle. In addition, after the T wave, a U-wave is sometimes formed, which is currently of unknown origin.
Each heart cycle is separated from the previous one and from the next with a baseline it is assumed to be between the Toff and Pon points.
The final process is the possibilities for decision making by implementing statistical processing of information, preparation of correlation analysis in search of dependencies of the current state of the object and the environment in which it is located in order to determine the level of stress, fatigue, by accumulating data on the normal state of human parameters, the specificity of the behavior of the parameters in relation to the strict individuality of different organisms. Classification of changes in nominal parameters ability and artificial intelligence to assess the status and proposals for action.
PRACTICAL IMPLEMENTATION MEASURING STATIONARY STATION
This article focuses on the practical implementation of only one main component of the above system. The stationary station aims to measure more and more complete parameters of the human body. The composition of the system consists of various development systems for measurement, processing of biomedical signals, transmission to a server using the Ethernet protocol.
- MySignals HW - eHealth and Medical IoT Development Platform for Arduino
- Arduino Uno
- Arduino Ethernet shield 2
Block digram
Figure 5 shows the block diagram of the stationary station. The information obtained from the sensors (S), through the development platform are performed the first steps of signal processing filtering, amplification and digital conversion of information, through the Arduino Ethernet shield is transmitted a standardized message to the server, where the remaining processing steps.
Arduino Uno:
Arduino Uno is a microcontroller board based on ATmega328 8-bit processor. It has 14 digital input / output pins, (of which 6 can be used for PWM [wide pulse modulation]), 6 analog inputs, 16 MHz ceramic resonator, USB, built-in programmer.
Arduino Ethernet Shield:
The Arduino Ethernet shield 2 allows the Arduino Board to connect to the Internet. It has an integrated W5500 Ethernet chip processor. The W5500 provides IP communication with both communication protocols. TCP or UDP. Supports 8 simultaneous connected users. Ethernet library is a built-in library of functions that can be used in working with Ethernet shield.
MySignals HW - eHealth and Medical IoT Development Platform for Arduino:
MySignals HW is a development platform for medical devices The platform allows you to measure 20 different biometric parameters such as pulse, breath rate, oxygen in blood, electrocardiogram signals, blood pressure, muscle electromyography signals, glucose levels, galvanic skin response, lung capacity, snore waves, patient position, airflow.
Capability of Stationary IoMt Station
Table 1 lists the hardware capabilities of a biomedical sensor measurement station.
CONCLUSION
Proposed is an architectural pattern consistent with the concept of IoMT, with the specifics of the ship and the specific working conditions on vessels and platforms. A practical implementation measuring stationary station is proposed, as a main part of the system for extraction and processing of parameters of the human body. Contribution to prevention and early diagnosis of diseases such system is undoubted. The ability to investigate the impact of the ship's specific working environment on the crew is expected to open up opportunities for improving the environment in order to protect crew members.